STA630 solved final term papers vu.edu.pk
Question No: 1 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
The part of the
action research spiral that differentiates this research methodology from other
kinds of research is;
► Looking at multiple sources of data.
► Taking action based on results.
► Thinking about or analyzing data in
more than one way.
► The kinds of data that are collected.
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Question No: 2 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
If a researcher was
studying the use of various instructional approaches to the "multiple
intelligences" of his students, he is likely to be conducting which of the
following type of research?
► Basic
► Evaluation
► Applied
► Grounded theory
http://wps.prenhall.com/chet_airasian_edresearch_7/5/1487/380853.cw/index.html
Question No: 3 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which type of
review compares how different theories address an issue?
► Context review
► Integrated review
► Methodological review
► Theoretical review
Question No: 4 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which
of the following functions is performed by theoretical framework?
► Elaborates the relationship among the
variables.
► Explains the logic underlying these
relationships.
► Describes the nature, and direction of
the relationships.
► All of the given options.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC154377/
Question No: 5 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Panel and cohort
designs differ in that:
► Cohort studies involve
quantitative research, whereas panel studies are qualitative.
► A panel study does not
need rules to handle new entrants to households.
► Only a cohort study
will suffer from sample attrition.
► A panel
study can distinguish between age effects and cohort effects, but a cohort
design cannot.
http://www.oup.com/uk/orc/bin/9780199202959/01student/cqs/ch02/?view=Standard
Question No: 6 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the
following would LEAST likely be a data source for an action research study of
"teachers' questioning techniques in social studies classes"?
► Classroom observation
► Student questionnaires
► Videotaping of classes
► Students' standardized test scores
http://wps.prenhall.com/wps/grader
Question No: 7 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the
following represents excellent advice for conducting an interview?
► Listen more and talk less
► Don't interrupt
► Don't be judgmental about the
interviewee's beliefs or views
► All of the given options
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Question No: 8 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Why should a business
researcher record and transcribe interviews?
► It overcomes all
possible ethical considerations.
► The response of
participants can be more readily shared with senior management.
► It allows a more thorough examination of what the
interviewee has said.
► It allows the
researcher to demonstrate his/her
technical proficiency.
http://books.google.com.pk/books?id=vpqjq4I9KGMC&pg=PA489&lpg=PA489&dq=Why+should+a+business+researcher+record+and+transcribe+interviews&source=bl&ots=_cCesJatzU&sig=0E8YJce6JMqwrFHIKiob9DRKtDs&hl=en&ei=ViFmTILpO8aPcbjk_awP&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBMQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false
Question No: 9 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
The Pearson product
moment correlation is used to demonstrate the relationship between;
► Two continuous variables
► Two rank-ordered variables
► Variables that are expected to be
curvilinearly related
► Dichotomous variables
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Question No:
10 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one http://vuzs.net/
The statistic used
to determine the relationship between two variables is:
► Analysis of covariance
► Chi square
► Standard deviation
► Pearson "r"
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Question No:
11 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Researchers
organize data into all of the following, EXCEPT:
►
Field
► Table
► Record
► File
Vu handout page#99
Researchers organize data into fields, records, and
files.
A field is a
collection of characters (a character is a single number, letter of the
alphabet, or special symbol such as the question mark) that represent a single
type of data. A record is collection of related fields. A file is a collection of related
records. File, records, and fields are
stored on magnetic tapes, floppy disks, or hard drives.
Question No:
12 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the
following is NOT a necessary step in conducting experimental research?
► Manipulation of an independent
variable
► Selection of measuring instruments
► Creating a hypothesis stating a causal
relationship between variables
► Dividing the sample into subgroups to control for extraneous variables
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Question No:
13 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Testing most
likely, negatively affect internal validity when:
► The information tested is attitudinal
in nature
► The time between pre- and posttest is short
► The instrument is unreliable
► The participants are very low scorers
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Question No:
14 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following
questions can be answered using content analysis?
► How do managers behave
in the face of employment insecurity?
► How do the media report corporate re-branding exercises?
► What effect does
organizational size have on marketing strategy?
► What are the most
popular leisure activities amongst the over-50s?
VuZs
Rationale: Content analysis is often used to examine
the mass media and the manner in which it covers certain issues
Question No:
15 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which one is not
the part of non reactive research?
► Physical traces
► Archives
► Observations
► Interviews
http://vuzs.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=702:sta630-final-2009-solved-by-vuzs-team-with-ref&catid=312:sta630-research-methods&Itemid=54
Question No:
16 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
On which component
of his field notes did Mr. Majid (Mr. Miller) focused when he expressed in his notes
his thoughts and ideas about what he observed?
► Description
► Reflection
► Protocol
► Formal data
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Question No:
17 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the
following is linked with an abstract model of underlying relations or causal
mechanism?
► Historical comparative research
► Social research
► Action research
► Experimental research
Vu handout page #148
topic Synthesizing
Question No:
18 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Historians organize
evidence usually in:
► Comparative form
► Narrative form
► Logical form
► Critical form
Vu handout page#
150
A third problem is in the organization of the
evidence. Historians organize evidence
as they write works of history. They
often write narrative history.
Question No:
19 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
What is the difference
between a focus group and a group interview?
► A focus group is used
to analyse group interaction, whereas a group interview is used as a straight
forward data collection tool.
► A focus group is used
only for political research, whereas group interviews are more widely used in
the social sciences.
► A focus group is used
at the planning stage of a research project, whereas a group interview is part
of the actual data collection.
► A focus group is used to discuss a wide range of issues,
whereas a group interview looks at one specific topic.
http://www.oup.com/uk/orc/bin/9780199202959/01student/cqs/ch19/?view=Standard
Question No:
20 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
In which component
of the method section would you find a discussion of validity and reliability?
► Participants
► Instruments
► Design
► Procedures
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Question No:
21 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which
of the following sampling is least reliable but normally the cheapest and
easiest to conduct?
► Purposive Sampling
► Snowball Sampling
► Convenience Sampling
► Quota Sampling
Vu handout page# 90
Convenience samples are least reliable but normally
the cheapest and easiest to conduct.
Question No:
22 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which
of the following sampling is most often used during the exploratory phase of a
research project and is perhaps the best way of getting some basic information
quickly and efficiently?
► Convenience Sampling
► Quota Sampling
► Snowball Sampling
► Purposive Sampling
http://books.google.com/books?id=a__YI3TJQuAC&pg=PA276&lpg=PA276&dq=Which+of+the+following+sampling+is+most+often+used+during+the+exploratory+phase+of+a+research+project+and+is+perhaps+the+best+way+of+getting+some+basic+information+quickly+and+efficiently&source=bl&ots=3F_nvSH31l&sig=OuQDm9uMOwYtQcQStrEbDizaZKo&hl=en&ei=SzRmTMWsOYWwcYeembwP&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CBcQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false
Question No:
23 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which
of the following is a form of Non-random sampling?
► Snowball sampling
► Convenience sampling
► Quota sampling
► All of the given option
http://www.uiah.fi/projekti/metodi/152.htm#nayte
Question No:
24 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Sampling
in qualitative research is similar to which type of sampling in quantitative
research?
► Simple random sampling
► Systematic sampling
► Quota sampling
► Purposive sampling
http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:EQZdErWgIE8J:www.sagepub.com/bjohnsonstudy/review_questions/Ch09_Answers.doc+Sampling+in+qualitative+research+is+similar+to+which+type+of+sampling+in+quantitative+research&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk
Question No:
25 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which
of the following relates with an abstract model of underlying relations or
causal mechanism?
► Analysis
► Synthesis
► Results
► Findings
Vu handout page# 148
Synthesis links specific evidence with an abstract
model of underlying relations or causal
mechanism.
Question No:
26 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
The
easiest way to describe the numerical data of one variable is;
► Frequency distribution
► Normal distribution
► Poisson distribution
► Probability distribution
Vu handout PAGE#
104
Frequency Distribution
Several useful techniques for displaying data are in
use. The easiest way to describe the numerical data of one variable is with
a frequency distribution. It can be used with nominal-, ordinal-, interval-,
or ratio-level data and takes many forms.
For example we have data of 400 students. We can summarize
Question No:
27 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
All
of the following are ways to show a table in percentages, EXCEPT;
► By margins
► By row
► By column
► For the total
Vu hangout page# 107
Question No:
28 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the
following is True for survey research?
► Survey research is a subset of
experimental research.
► Survey research is often used in experimental research.
► Survey research is never used in
experimental research.
► Survey research is always used in
experimental research.
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Question No:
29 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
When
an interviewer unintentionally and mistakenly checks the wrong response on a
checklist during an interview, this is an example of:
► Social desirability bias
► Interviewer error
► Interviewer cheating
► Sponsorship bias
Question No:
30 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
When
an interviewer asks a respondent: "Why do you shop at Liberty
► Unstructured question
► Structured
question
► Disguised question
► Social desirability question
Question No:
31 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
All
of the following are stages in the selection of a sample EXCEPT:
► Determine sample size
► Analyze data
► Conduct fieldwork
► Select a sampling frame
Rational
Conducting the field work is the part of data
collection this part occure before selection of sample
Question No:
32 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Codes
are rules for _____ data.
► Classifying
► Interpreting
► Recording
► All of the given options
Vu handout page# 99
Although codes are generally considered to be
numerical symbols, they are more broadly defined as the rules for interpreting,
classifying, and recording data.
Question No:
33 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
When
a competitor introduces a 25% price cut in order to blunt the effect of a test
marketing study, this is an example of a:
► Maturation effect
► Testing effect
► History effect
► Cohort effect
Vu handout page # 120
Question No:
34 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
All of the
following elements of Observation is/are included in Non Reactive research EXCEPT:
► Count Behaviors
► Time Duration
► External Appearance
► Other Records
Vu handout page# 124
Observations:
• External
Appearance: How people appear may indicate
social factors. For example, a
researcher watches students to see whether they are more likely to wear their
college’s colors and symbols after the college team won or lost.
• Count
Behaviors: Counting
how many people do something can be informative. For example a researcher may
count the number of men and women who come to a full stop and those who come to
a rolling stop at a traffic stop sign.This suggests gender difference in
driving behavior.
• Time
Duration: How
long people take to do things may indicate their intention. For example a researcher may measure how long
men and women pause in front of a particular painting. Time taken may indicate their interest in the
painting.
Question No:
35 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which
of the following element is not included for behavioral observation?
► Space
► Direction
► Frequency
► Accretion
For example, a researcher may be observing the
behavior of drivers from a distance whether drivers stopped at red sign of the
traffic lights. The observations can be
made both at the day time and at night.
It could also be noted whether the driver was a male or a female;
whether the driver was also or with passengers; whether other traffic was
present; and whether thee car came to a complete stop, a slow stop, or no stop.
Question No: 36 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
The
study of documents used by writers is a method of ___________.
► In-depth analysis
► Time series analysis
► Regression analysis
► None of the given options
A person may be more likely to confess in a document,
particularly one to be read only after his or her death, than in an interview
or mailed questionnaire study. Thus a
study of documents such as diaries, posthumously published autobiographies, and
suicide notes may be the only way to obtain such information.
Question No:
37 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
When
a manufacturer studies his most successful retailer in depth in order to
determine some better ideas for displaying bicycles in its retail stores, this
is an example of:
► An experiment
► A test market
► A case study
► Causal research
Case study
it is an in-depth analysis of a unit which could be
an individual person, a couple, a group, or an organization. It is more like a clinical analysis in retrospect;
starting from the effect and tracing the reasons back in time. The researcher takes the history of the
situation and makes use of any other relevant information about the case to
identify the factors leading to the present situation.
Question No:
38 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
The
written set of guidelines that describes an outline of topics to be covered by
a focus group moderator is called a:
► Discussion guide
► Concept test
► Case study
► All of the given options
Vu handout page # 156
Question No:
39 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which
of the following is a disadvantage of focus groups?
►
Requires objective, sensitive, and effective moderators
► May not be useful for discussing
sensitive topics
► High cost
► All of the given options
Vu hangout page # 157
limitations of FGD
Question No:
40 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which
section of a report gives a summary of the contents, including the purpose,
description of the participants, the results, and any conclusions being
offered?
► Methodology
► Introduction
► Abstract
► Letter of transmittal
Vu handout page # 162
main body of
report in introduction section
Question No:
41 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the
following characteristic of the scientific method is defined as the
confirmation or refutation of the observation through the scientific method by
using sensory experience?
► Empirical
► Verifiable
► Observable
► Cumulative
Vu handout page#3
Empirical
Scientific method is concerned with the realities that are observable
through “sensory experiences.” It generates knowledge which is verifiable by
experience or observation.
Question No:
42 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Basic research can
also be called as
► Practical research
► Fundamental Research
► Action research
► Assessment research
Vu handout page #8
basic research (also called academic research or pure
research or fundamental research).
Question No:
43 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the
following statement is true about the peer review?
► Name of the article's author is not
mentioned to avoid biases
► It should be accepted
► It should be published in a well known
journal
► Name
of the author should be mentioned for the further correspondence I think last option but not sure
Question No:
44 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
After
making the inventory of the relevant variables the next step is to:
► Provide logic for the relationship
► Make inventory of the propositions
► Identify the relationships between the variables
►
Deduce hypothesis
Question No:
45 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Theoretical
framework helps to:
► Deduce the hypothesis
► Reject the hypothesis
► Test the hypothesis
► Accept the hypothesis
Vu handout page #30
The theoretical framework discusses the
interrelationships among the variables that are considered to be integral to
the dynamics of the situation being investigated. Developing such a conceptual framework helps
us to postulate or hypothesize and test certain relationships and thus improve
our understanding of the dynamics of situation.
Question No:
46 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which
of the following is NOT a method of narrowing a topic?
► Literature review
► Specifying the context
► Talk to the experts
► Pilot testing
Techniques for Narrowing a Topic into a Research
Question
1. Examine the
literature.
2. Talk over
ideas with others.
3. Apply to a
specific context.
4. Define the
aim or desired outcome of the study.
Question No:
47 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
The
working definition of the variables is called:
► Theoretical definition
► Dictionary definition
► Operational definition
► Fundamental definition
Vu hanout page#
18
Operational definition is also called a working definition
Question No:
48 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the
following characteristic is reflected by an interval scale?
► The distance between each
participant's individual scores.
► Arithematic operations can be
performed after data collection
► Classify the data into exclusive
categories
► All of the given options
http://books.google.com/books?id=eNsVUGTMcDoC&pg=PA138&dq=characteristic+is+reflected+by+an+interval+scale&hl=en&ei=pD5mTJH9MojRcfiPva0P&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=characteristic%20is%20reflected%20by%20an%20interval%20scale&f=false
Question No:
49 ( Marks: 3 )
What is the logic
of field research? How does a field researcher work?
Question No:
50 ( Marks: 3 )
Historical-Comparative
research focuses on some factors, list down those factors?
Question No:
51 ( Marks: 5 )
Briefly describe
the type of observation you would use, the field notes you would develop, and
some general principles you would follow to ensure successful data collection.
Question No:
52 ( Marks: 5 )
What
are the functions of a recorder?
Question No:
53 ( Marks: 5 )
Briefly discuss the
importance of Data Transformation in Research with the help of example?
Question No:
1 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
On which of the following, Scientific knowledge mostly relies?
► Identification of events
► Logical understanding
► Prior knowledge
► All of the given options
Question No: 2 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
What does an empiricist believe?
All the knowledge that we have of life after death can be used in research.
Knowledge in the form of ‘facts’ should be gained through sensory experience.
Research conducted within theBritish Empire was
biased and unreliable.
Research should not always necessarily rely on the scientific methods.
On which of the following, Scientific knowledge mostly relies?
► Identification of events
► Logical understanding
► Prior knowledge
► All of the given options
Question No: 2 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
What does an empiricist believe?
All the knowledge that we have of life after death can be used in research.
Knowledge in the form of ‘facts’ should be gained through sensory experience.
Research conducted within the
Research should not always necessarily rely on the scientific methods.
Reference:-
How do we actually know the things we know? People told us some of them,
we read about some of them and others we saw, or felt for ourselves. This is at the heart of empiricism
- we acquire knowledge through our sensory perceptions. It
follows that the empiricist approach to research is to gather information
through observation of the 'real' world and let theory emerge as a kind of
conclusion. We should not start out with a theory, an empiricist might say, and
find facts which seem to suit. Now, although this discussion might seem a bit
too philosophical for some and consequently, a bit esoteric, most social
research depends on 'empirical' data. What this means is that most research
studies include quite a bit of primary data gathering and are not just limited
to musing about what others have said.
Question No: 3 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
All of the following are true about theories, except:
They organize and summarize existing knowledge about a topic.
They are tentative until the facts prove them true.
They provide possible explanations for the phenomenon under study.
They lead to testable hypotheses through the process of deduction.
Reference: (FH,23-11-2010)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory
Question No: 4 ( Marks: 1 ) -Please choose one
Question No: 4 ( Marks: 1 ) -Please choose one
Which of the
following statements it TRUE for operational definition?
It is one that bears no relation to the underlying concept.
It is an abstract, theoretical definition of a concept
A definition of a concept in terms of specific and empirical measures.
It is one that refers to opera singers and their work.
Question No: 5 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following statements is false about variables?
Discrete variables allow measurement of an infinite number of fractions of units of measurement.
Discrete variables can only have whole number values.
Continuous numbers can only have whole number values.
Continuous measures do not allow for scores that fall between two number values.
Question No: 6 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
A variable that is presumed to cause a change in another variable is known as:
Discontinuous variable
Dependent variable
Independent variable
Intervening variable
Question No: 7 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following can best be described as a categorical variable?
Age
Annual income
Grade point average
Religion
Question No: 8 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
‘There is no relationship between higher motivation level and higher efficiency’ is an example of which type of hypothesis?
Alternative
Correlational
Null
Research
Question No: 9 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
“The higher the level of job satisfaction of the officers the lower the rate of turnover in an organization”, is a:
Descriptive hypothesis
Relational hypothesis
Relational and directional hypothesis
Relational and non directional hypothesis
It is one that bears no relation to the underlying concept.
It is an abstract, theoretical definition of a concept
A definition of a concept in terms of specific and empirical measures.
It is one that refers to opera singers and their work.
Question No: 5 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following statements is false about variables?
Discrete variables allow measurement of an infinite number of fractions of units of measurement.
Discrete variables can only have whole number values.
Continuous numbers can only have whole number values.
Continuous measures do not allow for scores that fall between two number values.
Question No: 6 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
A variable that is presumed to cause a change in another variable is known as:
Discontinuous variable
Dependent variable
Independent variable
Intervening variable
Question No: 7 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following can best be described as a categorical variable?
Age
Annual income
Grade point average
Religion
Question No: 8 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
‘There is no relationship between higher motivation level and higher efficiency’ is an example of which type of hypothesis?
Alternative
Correlational
Null
Research
Question No: 9 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
“The higher the level of job satisfaction of the officers the lower the rate of turnover in an organization”, is a:
Descriptive hypothesis
Relational hypothesis
Relational and directional hypothesis
Relational and non directional hypothesis
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