STA630 solved final term papers vu.edu.pk

STA630 solved final term papers vu.edu.pk

Question No: 1    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one

 The part of the action research spiral that differentiates this research methodology from other kinds of research is;

       ► Looking at multiple sources of data.

       ► Taking action based on results.

       ► Thinking about or analyzing data in more than one way.

       ► The kinds of data that are collected.

Question No: 2    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one

 If a researcher was studying the use of various instructional approaches to the "multiple intelligences" of his students, he is likely to be conducting which of the following type of research?

       ► Basic

       ► Evaluation

       ► Applied

       ► Grounded theory

Question No: 3    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one

 Which type of review compares how different theories address an issue?

       ► Context review

       ► Integrated review

       ► Methodological review

       ► Theoretical review

   

Question No: 4    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one

 Which of the following functions is performed by theoretical framework?

       ► Elaborates the relationship among the variables.

       ► Explains the logic underlying these relationships.

       ► Describes the nature, and direction of the relationships.

       ► All of the given options.

Question No: 5    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one

 Panel and cohort designs differ in that:

       ► Cohort studies involve quantitative research, whereas panel studies are qualitative.

       ► A panel study does not need rules to handle new entrants to households.

       ► Only a cohort study will suffer from sample attrition.

       ► A panel study can distinguish between age effects and cohort effects, but a cohort design cannot.

Question No: 6    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one

 Which of the following would LEAST likely be a data source for an action research study of "teachers' questioning techniques in social studies classes"?

       ► Classroom observation

       ► Student questionnaires

       ► Videotaping of classes

       ► Students' standardized test scores

Question No: 7    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one

 Which of the following represents excellent advice for conducting an interview?

       ► Listen more and talk less

       ► Don't interrupt

       ► Don't be judgmental about the interviewee's beliefs or views

       ► All of the given options

Question No: 8    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one

 Why should a business researcher record and transcribe interviews?

       ► It overcomes all possible ethical considerations.

       ► The response of participants can be more readily shared with senior management.

       ► It allows a more thorough examination of what the interviewee has said.

       ► It allows the researcher to demonstrate his/her technical proficiency.

Question No: 9    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one

 The Pearson product moment correlation is used to demonstrate the relationship between;

       ► Two continuous variables

       ► Two rank-ordered variables

       ► Variables that are expected to be curvilinearly related

       ► Dichotomous variables

Question No: 10    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one 

 The statistic used to determine the relationship between two variables is:

       ► Analysis of covariance

       ► Chi square

       ► Standard deviation

       ► Pearson "r"

Question No: 11    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one

 Researchers organize data into all of the following, EXCEPT:

       ► Field

       ► Table

       ► Record

       ► File

Question No: 12    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one

 Which of the following is NOT a necessary step in conducting experimental research?

       ► Manipulation of an independent variable

       ► Selection of measuring instruments

       ► Creating a hypothesis stating a causal relationship between variables

       ► Dividing the sample into subgroups to control for extraneous variables

Question No: 13    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one

 Testing most likely, negatively affect internal validity when:

       ► The information tested is attitudinal in nature

       ► The time between pre- and posttest is short

       ► The instrument is unreliable

       ► The participants are very low scorers

Question No: 14    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one

 Which of the following questions can be answered using content analysis?

       ► How do managers behave in the face of employment insecurity?

       ► How do the media report corporate re-branding exercises?

       ► What effect does organizational size have on marketing strategy?

       ► What are the most popular leisure activities amongst the over-50s?

Question No: 15    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one

 Which one is not the part of non reactive research?

       ► Physical traces

       ► Archives

       ► Observations

       ► Interviews

Question No: 16    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one

 On which component of his field notes did Mr. Majid (Mr. Miller) focused when he expressed in his notes his thoughts and ideas about what he observed?

       ► Description

       ► Reflection

       ► Protocol

       ► Formal data

Question No: 17    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one

 Which of the following is linked with an abstract model of underlying relations or causal mechanism?

       ► Historical comparative research

       ► Social research

       ► Action research

       ► Experimental research

Question No: 18    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one

 Historians organize evidence usually in:

       ► Comparative form

       ► Narrative form

       ► Logical form

       ► Critical form

Question No: 19    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one

 What is the difference between a focus group and a group interview?

       ► A focus group is used to analyse group interaction, whereas a group interview is used as a straight forward data collection tool.

       ► A focus group is used only for political research, whereas group interviews are more widely used in the social sciences.

       ► A focus group is used at the planning stage of a research project, whereas a group interview is part of the actual data collection.

       ► A focus group is used to discuss a wide range of issues, whereas a group interview looks at one specific topic.

Question No: 20    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one

 In which component of the method section would you find a discussion of validity and reliability?

       ► Participants

       ► Instruments

       ► Design

       ► Procedures

Question No: 21    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one

 Which of the following sampling is least reliable but normally the cheapest and easiest to conduct?

       ► Purposive Sampling

       ► Snowball Sampling

       ► Convenience Sampling

       ► Quota Sampling

Question No: 22    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one

 Which of the following sampling is most often used during the exploratory phase of a research project and is perhaps the best way of getting some basic information quickly and efficiently?

       ► Convenience Sampling

       ► Quota Sampling

       ► Snowball Sampling

       ► Purposive Sampling

Question No: 23    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one

 Which of the following is a form of Non-random sampling?

       ► Snowball sampling

       ► Convenience sampling

       ► Quota sampling

       ► All of the given option

Question No: 24    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one

 Sampling in qualitative research is similar to which type of sampling in quantitative research?

       ► Simple random sampling

       ► Systematic sampling

       ► Quota sampling

       ► Purposive sampling

Question No: 25    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one

 Which of the following relates with an abstract model of underlying relations or causal mechanism?

       ► Analysis

       ► Synthesis

       ► Results

       ► Findings

Question No: 26    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one

 The easiest way to describe the numerical data of one variable is;

       ► Frequency distribution

       ► Normal distribution

       ► Poisson distribution

       ► Probability distribution

Question No: 27    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one

 All of the following are ways to show a table in percentages, EXCEPT;

       ► By margins

       ► By row

       ► By column

       ► For the total

   

Vu hangout page# 107

Question No: 28    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one

 Which of the following is True for survey research?

       ► Survey research is a subset of experimental research.

       ► Survey research is often used in experimental research.

       ► Survey research is never used in experimental research.

       ► Survey research is always used in experimental research.

Question No: 29    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one

 When an interviewer unintentionally and mistakenly checks the wrong response on a checklist during an interview, this is an example of:

       ► Social desirability bias

       ► Interviewer error

       ► Interviewer cheating

       ► Sponsorship bias

Question No: 30    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one

 When an interviewer asks a respondent: "Why do you shop at Liberty's department store?” this is an example of a:

       ► Unstructured question

       ► Structured question

       ► Disguised question

       ► Social desirability question

   

Question No: 31    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one

 All of the following are stages in the selection of a sample EXCEPT:

       ► Determine sample size

       ► Analyze data

       ► Conduct fieldwork

       ► Select a sampling frame

Question No: 32    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one

 Codes are rules for _____ data.

       ► Classifying

       ► Interpreting

       ► Recording

       ► All of the given options

Question No: 33    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one

 When a competitor introduces a 25% price cut in order to blunt the effect of a test marketing study, this is an example of a:

       ► Maturation effect

       ► Testing effect

       ► History effect

       ► Cohort effec

Question No: 34    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one

 All of the following elements of Observation is/are included in Non Reactive research EXCEPT:

       ► Count Behaviors

       ► Time Duration

       ► External Appearance

       ► Other Records

Question No: 35    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one

 Which of the following element is not included for behavioral observation?

       ► Space

       ► Direction

       ► Frequency

       ► Accretion

Question No: 36    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one

 The study of documents used by writers is a method of ___________.

       ► In-depth analysis

       ► Time series analysis

       ► Regression analysis

       ► None of the given options

   

Question No: 37    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one

 When a manufacturer studies his most successful retailer in depth in order to determine some better ideas for displaying bicycles in its retail stores, this is an example of:

       ► An experiment

       ► A test market

       ► A case study

       ► Causal research

Question No: 38    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one

 The written set of guidelines that describes an outline of topics to be covered by a focus group moderator is called a:

       ► Discussion guide

       ► Concept test

       ► Case study

       ► All of the given options

Question No: 39    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one

 Which of the following is a disadvantage of focus groups?

       ►  Requires objective, sensitive, and effective moderators

       ► May not be useful for discussing sensitive topics

       ► High cost

       ► All of the given options

Question No: 40    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one

 Which section of a report gives a summary of the contents, including the purpose, description of the participants, the results, and any conclusions being offered?

       ► Methodology

       ► Introduction

       ► Abstract

       ► Letter of transmittal

Question No: 41    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one

 Which of the following characteristic of the scientific method is defined as the confirmation or refutation of the observation through the scientific method by using sensory experience?

       ► Empirical

       ► Verifiable

       ► Observable

       ► Cumulative

Question No: 42    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one

 Basic research can also be called as

       ► Practical research

       ► Fundamental Research

       ► Action research

       ► Assessment research

Question No: 43    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one

 Which of the following statement is true about the peer review?

       ► Name of the article's author is not mentioned to avoid biases

       ► It should be accepted

       ► It should be published in a well known journal

       ► Name of the author should be mentioned for the further correspondence   I think last option but not sure

Question No: 44    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one

 After making the inventory of the relevant variables the next step is to:

       ► Provide logic for the relationship

       ► Make inventory of the propositions

       ► Identify the relationships between the variables

       ► Deduce hypothesis

   

Question No: 45    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one

 Theoretical framework helps to:

       ► Deduce the hypothesis

       ► Reject the hypothesis

       ► Test the hypothesis

       ► Accept the hypothesis

Question No: 46    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one

 Which of the following is NOT a method of narrowing a topic?

       ► Literature review

       ► Specifying the context

       ► Talk to the experts

       ► Pilot testing

Question No: 47    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one

 The working definition of the variables is called:

       ► Theoretical definition

       ► Dictionary definition

       ► Operational definition

       ► Fundamental definition

Question No: 48    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one

 Which of the following characteristic is reflected by an interval scale?

       ► The distance between each participant's individual scores.

       ► Arithematic operations can be performed after data collection

       ► Classify the data into exclusive categories

       ► All of the given options

   

Question No: 53    ( Marks: 5 )

 Briefly discuss the importance of Data Transformation in Research with the help of example?

Question No: 1   ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
On which of the following, Scientific knowledge mostly relies?
► Identification of events
► Logical understanding
► Prior knowledge
► All of the given options

Question No: 2 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
What does an empiricist believe?
All the knowledge that we have of life after death can be used in research.
Knowledge in the form of ‘facts’ should be gained through sensory experience. 
Research conducted within the British Empire was biased and unreliable.
Research should not always necessarily rely on the scientific methods

Question No: 3 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
All of the following are true about theories, except:
They organize and summarize existing knowledge about a topic.
They are tentative until the facts prove them true.
They provide possible explanations for the phenomenon under study.
They lead to testable hypotheses through the process of deduction. 

Question No: 4 ( Marks: 1 ) -Please choose one

Which of the following statements it TRUE for operational definition?
It is one that bears no relation to the underlying concept.
It is an abstract, theoretical definition of a concept
A definition of a concept in terms of specific and empirical measures.
It is one that refers to opera singers and their work.

Question No: 5 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following statements is false about variables?
Discrete variables allow measurement of an infinite number of fractions of units of measurement.
Discrete variables can only have whole number values.
Continuous numbers can only have whole number values.
Continuous measures do not allow for scores that fall between two number values.

Question No: 6 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
A variable that is presumed to cause a change in another variable is known as:
Discontinuous variable
Dependent variable
Independent variable
Intervening variable

Question No: 7 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following can best be described as a categorical variable?
Age
Annual income
Grade point average
Religion

Question No: 8 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
‘There is no relationship between higher motivation level and higher efficiency’ is an example of which type of hypothesis?
Alternative
Correlational
Null
Research

Question No: 9 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
“The higher the level of job satisfaction of the officers the lower the rate of turnover in an organization”, is a:
Descriptive hypothesis
Relational hypothesis
Relational and directional hypothesis
Relational and non directional hypothesis